Molecular and immunological characteristics of patients with CMTM6 low expression colorectal cancer.

CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6), a regulator of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has attracted extensive attention due to its role in tumors. However, research on the expression of CMTM6 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its relationship with PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltration is limited. We used The Cancer Genome Atlas database to mine and analyze data from patients with CRC using bioinformatics methods. We investigated the expression of CMTM6 in CRC and its relationship with PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltration. Immunohistochemistry and PCR were performed to detect CMTM6 and PD-L1 expression in CRC tissues. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the edgeR package in R and immune cell infiltration analysis was performed using the ssGSEA algorithm. Additionally, GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were conducted to identify the biological processes and pathways associated with low CMTM6 expression. Our study found that CMTM6 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. Patients with high CMTM6 expression exhibited significantly increased levels of PD-L1 expression and higher levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells compared to patients with low CMTM6 expression. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that CMTM6 may be involved in multiple immune regulatory pathways in CRC.

Metabolomic and microbiome analysis of the protective effects of Puerarin against Salmonella Enteritidis Infection in chicks.

BACKGROUND: Salmonella Enteritidis is a zoonotic pathogen and poses a substantial risk to human health, as well as significant financial losses to the livestock and poultry industries. It is currently urgent to identify alternatives to antibiotic treatment. RESULTS: In this study, we explored the influence of Puerarin on the immunological response, intestinal flora, serum metabolome, and growth performance of chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Chicks were weighed at specific time points and the average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. Serum, intestinal, and cecal content samples were collected on days 10 and 17. The results showed that 100 mg/kg of Puerarin significantly suppressed inflammation and enhanced immune function. Metabolomic analysis showed significant differences in serum metabolites after Puerarin treatment and suggested that Puerarin may regulate abnormal amino acid and lipid metabolism after Salmonella Enteritidis infection through the autophagic and ABC transporter pathways. In addition, Puerarin suppressed Salmonella Enteritidis-induced intestinal flora dysbiosis through modulation of the microbial community structures (increased Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Subdoligranulum), as demonstrated by 16S rRNA analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, Puerarin can improve growth performance in chicks, suppress the inflammatory response in vivo, enhance immunity, and regulate lipid and amino acid metabolism and the intestinal flora.